Lolium pratense, formerly Festuca pratensis or Schedonorus pratensis

Cool-season perennial grass

Active growth during spring and fall, remains productive in cooler temperatures, and may show reduced growth during hot summer months

4–6 hours of full sun but can tolerate partial shade

50°F–65°F (10°C–18°C)

Moist, fertile soils, especially loamy and heavy soils fertile

3–7 (USDA)

7–14 days under optimal conditions

5.5 to 7.5

Requires consistent moisture, especially during establishment. Tolerates periodic wet soils but may struggle during prolonged droughts

Apply regular balanced fertilizers to maintain nutrient-rich soil conditions

Bunch-forming grass with a deep root system

Can get to 30 inches if left unmowed

Spreads primarily through seed production, and may also spread vegetatively via short rhizomes

For pasture or hay, sow at 15 to 20 pounds per acre for even coverage

Produces small, inconspicuous flowers in spike-like seed heads (typically mowed before flowering in maintained lawns)

Birds (seeds) and insects (when allowed to flower)

Ideal for permanent pasture, hay production, and occasionally for lawns. It’s valued for its palatability and forage quality

Grows well in mixtures with timothy, orchardgrass, and legumes; often used as an alfalfa companion

For grazing, allow the stand to reach 8 to 10 inches, then graze to 3 to 4 inches; for haying, utilize a 3-cut system for maximum forage yield

Non-toxic to humans and pets

Generally pest-resistant but can be affected by armyworms or sod webworms

Susceptible to diseases like rust and leaf spot, especially under humid conditions

In Ohio, the best seeding times are late summer to early fall or early spring when soil temperatures are conducive to germination